Heathrow Officially Submits £49 Billion Expansion Plan
Heathrow Airport has officially submitted its £49 billion plan to expand and modernise the UK’s largest airport, aiming to build a third runway and to overhaul the transport infrastructure around it. CEO Thomas Woldbye says the expansion is “urgent,” with the airport currently operating at full capacity, harming trade and international connectivity. The project would stretch over a decade and boost passenger capacity from 84 million to 150 million annually.
Key features of the plan include a new 3,500m “North-Western Runway,” an additional terminal (T5X), and the rerouting of the M25 via a new tunnel. Heathrow argues the plan would unlock billions in private investment, improve rail and bus links, and create two new parkways. Chancellor Rachel Reeves and Transport Secretary Heidi Alexander have welcomed the move, framing it as vital to kick-starting economic growth and potentially creating up to 100,000 jobs.
But the plan is facing significant pushback. Environmental groups and politicians warn of its climate impact, with Greenpeace calling it “hopeful marketing spin” and London Mayor Sadiq Khan saying it would “have a severe impact on noise, air pollution and meeting our climate change targets.” Local residents fear the loss of homes as a result of the new construction, and many critics question whether sustainable aviation fuel can truly offset the environmental toll.
Heathrow insists the project aligns with net-zero goals and that emissions limits will be strictly followed. However, rival plans from the Arora Group propose a shorter, cheaper runway that avoids moving the M25 altogether, raising questions about the cost and necessity of Heathrow’s more disruptive version of the plan. British Airways’ parent company IAG supports expansion but stresses it must remain affordable for passengers.
With support from the new Labour government and pressure to reform the planning system, Heathrow appears better positioned than ever before. Still, given the history of delays, legal battles, and environmental resistance, getting approval is only half the battle. Delivering the project could prove even tougher.
